METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
We want
to learn the exact sequence of enzyme – catalyzed chemical reactions That
recover part of the chemical energy of food. We
will start with carbohydrates
We will first examine glycolysis a catabolic pathway by which many organisms
obtain energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen. Then we will examine the
citric acid cycle. This is a sequence of enzyme – catalyzed chemical reactions
of almost universal occurrence by which organisms use oxygen to obtain more
energy from their food. Let us start by learning how sugars are handled by
digestive system.
Digestion
of Carbohydrates
The process of catabolism of carbohydrates start
as soon as they are placed in your mouth.IT is here that the process called
digestion starts. Enzymes in the saliva begin the hydrolysis of carbohydrates
into monosaccharides that can be absorbed by the body. This process continues
through the stomach into small intestine, where the monosaccharides are
absorbed
We can use starch to trace the digestion of carbohydrates.
Starch is a polysaccharide made up of glucose units. Digestion of starch starts
in the mouth, where the enzyme ptyalin catalyzes its hydrolysis to a mixture of
polysaccharides of intermediate chain length called dextrins. Hydrolysis
continues as starch and dextrins pass through the esophagus. But in the stomach,
hydrolysis almost stops because the acidity of the stomach destroys the enzyme
and the hydrolysis reaction is too slow without it.
What
happens to glucose in living organisms
The glucose formed by digestion carbohydrates quickly
enters the blood, where it becomes available to cells in the organism. However,
the amount of glucose permitted in the blood is closely regulated. IF the blood
contains too much glucose condition called: HYPERGLYCEMIA develops
to little glucose in the blood causes a condition called HYPOGLYCEMIA
Glycolysis Pathaway
The series of reactions that change glucose into
pyruvate with the formation of ATP is called glycolysis. The overall equation
for this process is the following:
We want
to learn the exact sequence of enzyme – catalyzed chemical reactions That
recover part of the chemical energy of food. We
will start with carbohydrates
We will first examine glycolysis a catabolic pathway by which many organisms
obtain energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen. Then we will examine the
citric acid cycle. This is a sequence of enzyme – catalyzed chemical reactions
of almost universal occurrence by which organisms use oxygen to obtain more
energy from their food. Let us start by learning how sugars are handled by
digestive system.
Digestion
of Carbohydrates
The process of catabolism of carbohydrates start
as soon as they are placed in your mouth.IT is here that the process called
digestion starts. Enzymes in the saliva begin the hydrolysis of carbohydrates
into monosaccharides that can be absorbed by the body. This process continues
through the stomach into small intestine, where the monosaccharides are
absorbed
We can use starch to trace the digestion of carbohydrates.
Starch is a polysaccharide made up of glucose units. Digestion of starch starts
in the mouth, where the enzyme ptyalin catalyzes its hydrolysis to a mixture of
polysaccharides of intermediate chain length called dextrins. Hydrolysis
continues as starch and dextrins pass through the esophagus. But in the stomach,
hydrolysis almost stops because the acidity of the stomach destroys the enzyme
and the hydrolysis reaction is too slow without it.
What
happens to glucose in living organisms
The glucose formed by digestion carbohydrates quickly
enters the blood, where it becomes available to cells in the organism. However,
the amount of glucose permitted in the blood is closely regulated. IF the blood
contains too much glucose condition called: HYPERGLYCEMIA develops
to little glucose in the blood causes a condition called HYPOGLYCEMIA
Glycolysis Pathaway
The series of reactions that change glucose into
pyruvate with the formation of ATP is called glycolysis. The overall equation
for this process is the following:
Love this! Just wish it was in English because i´m not so good with reading Arabic. But thanks. I really need this information for homework assignments. Shukran
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